• The forgotten ones of tomorrow
Interview with Louis Chauvel by Chantal de Linares and Jean-Claude Richez
During the interview, Louis Chauvel questioned on the place of young people during the presidential campaign and beyond, within the society, notes a kind of « reversal » on behalf of the young people who are becoming aware of the situation which is made for them. In spite of this, France, and it is a national specificity, gives little place to young graduates and none for young people without qualifications. The issue of a future in danger for the new generations is a major political stake which it is urgent to take into account.
REPORT
YOUNG GENERATIONS IN EUROPE : EAST-WEST CROSS VIEWS
• Young generations in Europe : East-West cross views
Pierre-Marie Chauvin, Caroline Dufy, Élisabeth Gessat-Anstett, Ronan Hervouet
• Becoming an adult : four European models
Cécile Van de Velde
This article defines four models of entering into adult life in Western Europe and analyses their main political, economical or cultural foundations. It is based on a comparative analysis of the family and professional pathways of young adults in Denmark, The United Kingdom, France and Spain with the use of the six longitudinal groups of the European Community Household Panel (1994-1999) and supplemented by more than one hundred and thirty-five thorough talks with young people aged 18 to 30 in the mentioned countries concerning their family relationships, and their approach to studies as well as the representations associated wilth adulthood.
• Poland, young people at the heart of labour precariousness
Stéphane Portet
Contemporary Poland is liable to strong dynamics of flexibility and precariousness in the employment relation. This article shows that young people, the central category of this process, are at the same time the victims and the « social bearers » of the present changes. A new relation to the contract labour is appearing, characterised objectively by the development of self-employment and subjectively by a generational doxa of young workers contrasting with the aspiration for security and stability of the older workers.
• The Luso descendants : a new first generation of emigrants
Irène Dos Santos
Based on interviews carried out with young descendants of Portuguese migration, the author analyses the policy implemented by the Portuguese State since the end of the 90’s, in direction of the young generations of immigrants: the Luso-descendants.This policy aiming at the elaboration of a diaspora consciousness is founded on the concept of a national essentialist membership in discrepancy with the identity of this « second generation ».
• Setting up companies and desires for autonomy
Fabien Reix
The analysis of the biographical pathways of forty-five Aquitanian creators of companies tends to show that the paths of these entrepreneurs fall under family and also historical generational logics. Thus, the article shows that the entrepreneurial engagement represents as well the will to take some distance with the family heritage and the desire embodied by the young generation, to free from a part of the constraints of modern capitalism in defending a new working concept integrated in a « global living project ».
• Two generations facing the barter economy in Russia in the 90’s
Caroline Dufy
Through the exemple of Russia in transition towards the market economy and the study of forms of barter transactions, the aim of this contribution is to understand how the actors react to a brutal change of the economic context. On the basis of an ethnographic investigation carried out in the Oural region, we show that, in the same way that the market did not emerge in a spontaneous way, sweeping away the Soviet heritage, the young entrepreneurs did not supplant the older generations. The survey establishes that during the post Soviet period, the different generations of entrepreneurs were characterised sometimes less by their practices than by the different representations of economic action shaped in function of their experience of the company and of the normative historical context in which it was forged.
• Can a minor be the president or treasurer of an association ?
Jean-Claude Bardout
According to the right of association of children, guaranteed by the international Convention of the Rights of the Child, a minor can join an association and participate to its creation. The association only, according to its status, can define a minimal age to be eligible for a post of manager. There is no legal foundation to the ban sometimes enacted against minors to have functions of direction and management in a common law association. Our associations should thus grow rich by the new organisational practices introduced by adolescents.
• The representations of autonomy : a gender issue
Monique de Saint Martin, Judit Vari, Barbara Bauchat
This paper based on a secondary analysis of the Education and Family survey (INSEE 2003) and on an exploratory investigation with parents and children, shows how, if they generally agree on a family educative model recognizing and developing the apprenticeship to autonomy, there are differences in the way they conceive autonomy according to gender and social category. Parents and young people, boys or girls seem rather strongly attached to gender differentiated representations of autonomy. That does not go without tensions developing sometimes into conflicts.
